By Tag Clar Editorial
A recent study has examined Hannibal's route through the Alps in 218 BC. Based on energy calculations, the Col de la Traversette has been recognized as the best way for this commander to cross with an army of 40,000 men, 7,000 horses, and 37 war elephants.
This pass, at an elevation of 2,947 meters on the border of France and Italy, appears to have been the best option for a large army with elephants to traverse difficult and rugged terrain. Researchers used energy calculation models designed based on data from modern African elephants.
Physical Challenges and Human Casualties
The results of this research indicate that crossing the Traversette route required about 11 to 19 percent less energy for the army compared to other routes examined. This study not only clarifies Hannibal's route but also looks at human casualties; estimates suggest that soldiers lost about 19 percent of their body fat reserves on this route, which could explain the high casualty rates.
While Hannibal utilized elephants in his Punic Wars, questions still remain about the reasons for this choice. Did he intend to deliver a tactical shock to his enemies with these large animals, or was he seeking to attract the attention of the Celtic tribes of northern Italy?
